Casinos in Myanmar

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Introduction

Myanmar, officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, previously called Burma until 1989, is a Southeast Asian country. It holds the title of the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia – it’s home to around 55 million people.

Myanmar shares its borders with Bangladesh and India to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos, and Thailand to the east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest. The nation’s capital is Naypyidaw, while its largest city is Yangon, formerly known as Rangoon.

But enough about geography, let’s move on to the gambling scene as it’s the main topic of this text…

Hm…, the gambling scene in Myanmar is complicated, but we’ll try to make it as simple as possible. The Mekong River region has evolved into a hotspot for illicit activities. This transformation is driven by its closeness to China’s booming economy, the rise of casino centers attracting Chinese gamblers, and the surge in digital connectivity, which has facilitated online gambling.

As a struggling and incomplete democracy, this country faces immense challenges that would test any nation. The most prominent issues include the inconsistent release of military 50-year grip on power, ongoing ethnic tensions and armed conflicts, persistent poverty, the absence of a unified national identity, and the complexities of sharing borders with five countries, including China. This brings us to the main problem.

An emerging threat, less recognized but equally critical, intersects with the already mentioned concerns. In the past years, transnational networks linked to organized crime have joined forces with local armed groups. They have established autonomous enclaves and developed so-called ‘smart cities’ to exploit the massive, albeit illegal, Chinese online gambling market.

Similar to many other areas in the region, the Mekong River’s proximity to China’s rapidly growing economy has led to significant changes. Notably, casino centers catering to Chinese gamblers have sprung up, such as Mong La in Myanmar’s Shan State and the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Laos.

Gambling History

Over the years, gambling in Myanmar has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from traditional practices to the digital era of online platforms. This shift reflects the dynamic nature of Myanmar’s betting landscape.

Historically, sports betting and horse racing have deep roots in Myanmar, with traditional gambling being widespread for centuries. The modern concept of odds began to gain traction in the late 19th century, initially calculated manually by bookmakers relying on their expertise. This method continued for decades until technological advancements revolutionized the betting industry.

The late 20^th and early 21^st centuries saw significant technological progress worldwide, including in Myanmar. The advent of computers and the internet paved the way for online betting platforms, allowing enthusiasts to place bets conveniently from their homes. These platforms employed sophisticated algorithms to ensure more accurate odds calculation.

The rise of internet betting platforms in Myanmar marked a significant shift in how odds were presented and calculated. These platforms provided real-time information, a user-friendly interface, and a variety of betting options, enhancing the overall betting experience. Additionally, online platforms introduced multiple types of odds, catering to a diverse range of preferences.

Legislation & Jurisdiction

On May 7, 2019, Myanmar enacted the Gambling Law 2019, replacing the outdated Gambling Law 1986. This new law introduces significant amendments aimed at modernizing the country’s gambling regulations. The most groundbreaking change is the legalization of casino gambling. This move is anticipated to stimulate the local economy, boost tourism, generate substantial revenue for the state, and create jobs for Myanmar people.

The new gambling law significantly changes the country’s approach to casino operations. Previously, casino activities were heavily restricted. Under the Notification from the Myanmar Investment Commission, the Ministry of Home Affairs allowed casinos to operate in hotels within restricted areas, exclusively serving foreign nationals.

Additionally, illegal casinos operated in border areas and self-administered zones such as Tha Htay Kyun, Myawaddy, Wa, and the most famous, Kokang.

With the new legislation, the Union Government can now grant conditional permission for casinos to operate in designated places or buildings, where only foreigners are allowed to gamble, as we mentioned before. However, the law remains vague on specific requirements for obtaining such permission, and…

…it doesn’t clarify whether Myanmar citizens or entities can run casino businesses if foreign entities must partner with local entities, the necessary paid-up capital, the duration of operating licenses, and other crucial details. It’s expected that the government will soon release rules, regulations, and notifications to address these issues.

Additionally, the new law authorizes the Internal Revenue Department (IRD) under the Ministry of Planning and Finance to manage the Aung Bar Lay lottery. Originally introduced in 1938 under British rule, this lottery had not been formally codified in legislation until now. This amendment seems to formalize existing practices, with no significant changes anticipated in the lottery‘s operation.

Popular Games and Spots

Horse racing has been a part of Burmese culture since the 11^th century. Major races are held regularly in cities like Yangon, Mandalay, and Bago. Betting on horse races is legal and very widespread, with both formal and informal betting operations. Fans can place bets at designated racetracks as well as through underground bookies.

It’s particularly popular in rural areas, where it provides entertainment and a source of income for many. Informal village races are common. The government-run Myanmar Turf Club oversees the official horse racing industry and regulations.

State-run lotteries are another major gambling activity in Myanmar. National lotteries are drawn regularly with large cash prizes. Illegal private lotteries also operate, some with ties to ethnic armed groups or the military. Lottery tickets are sold widely, from official outlets to street vendors, making them accessible across the country.

Cockfighting…

… is also popular, especially in rural areas, with betting on the matches.

Casinos exist in border areas catering to foreign tourists but as we stressed out, are banned for Burmese citizens. Some of them are Andaman Club offering slot machines and table games, Allure Resort, Regina Entertainment Resort, and Treasure Island. 

Illegal gambling dens, often associated with organized crime, offer card games, dice, and other betting.

Overall, the gambling landscape in Myanmar is a mix of legal, regulated activities and widespread underground operations, with horse racing being the most culturally entrenched and widely practiced form.

To Conclude

Myanmar’s land-based gambling scene is undergoing a pivotal transformation. With the introduction of the new gambling law, the country is taking strides toward modernizing its gambling regulations and integrating legal casino operations.

While challenges remain, such as the need for clearer guidelines and regulations, the potential for increased tourism, economic stimulation, and job creation is significant. As Myanmar navigates these changes, the focus will be on ensuring a well-regulated and thriving gambling industry that benefits both the nation and its people.

If you decide to visit this beautiful country, explore the abovementioned land based casinos to fully acquaint yourself with all they have to offer!